Prescreening Questions to Ask Cyber-Physical Systems Security Expert

Can you describe your experience with securing cyber-physical systems?

When it comes to securing CPS, experience speaks volumes. You’d want to know if the candidate has hands-on experience or if they're just reciting textbook knowledge. Ask them about specific projects they've worked on and the challenges faced. Their stories will reveal their practical expertise and problem-solving skills.

What methods do you use to assess vulnerabilities in cyber-physical systems?

Assessing vulnerabilities is like finding the weak links in a chain. Does the candidate rely on automated tools, manual inspections, or a bit of both? Understanding their approach will help you gauge their thoroughness and the depth of their knowledge in vulnerability assessment.

How do you stay updated with the latest security threats and trends in CPS?

The cyber world evolves at lightning speed. Candidates who actively engage with industry trends, whether through journals, conferences, or online forums, demonstrate their commitment. You want someone who isn’t just doing their job—but someone who lives and breathes CPS security.

Have you implemented any encryption techniques specifically for CPS?

Encryption is the secret handshake of secure communications. Delve into specifics here—what encryption protocols have they used? How did they implement them? This reveals both their technical prowess and practical application in securing data.

Can you discuss a time you mitigated a significant security risk in a CPS?

Real-life scenarios offer a glimpse into their crisis management skills. Listen to anecdotes about previous challenges—how did they detect the threat? What steps were taken? Successful mitigation stories can provide a lot of insight into their problem-solving abilities.

How do you handle incident response for cyber-physical systems?

Incident response is all about swift, effective action. What plans do they have in place? How do they coordinate with teams? A sound incident response strategy can mean the difference between a minor hiccup and a major disaster.

What experience do you have with industrial control systems (ICS) and their security?

ICS are the backbone of many industrial processes. If the role involves working with these systems, prior experience is invaluable. Ask about specific ICS they've worked on and the security measures employed, ensuring their background aligns with your needs.

How do you balance security measures with system performance and usability in CPS?

Security is crucial, but not at the expense of performance. Balancing these elements is a tightrope walk. Candidates should demonstrate how they ensure robust security without bogging down the system, maintaining a user-friendly environment.

Can you provide examples of compliance standards relevant to CPS security you have worked with?

Compliance is non-negotiable. Whether it's NIST, ISO, or another standard, familiarity with these frameworks ensures they're on the right track. Examples of how they've adhered to or implemented these standards in past roles highlight their attention to regulatory detail.

What strategies do you employ to secure communication channels within CPS?

Communication channels are prime targets for attackers. Does the candidate use secure protocols, encryption, or other methods? Their strategies should reflect a proactive stance in securing all communication paths within the CPS.

Can you explain the role of intrusion detection systems in CPS security?

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are like the watchdogs of a CPS. How do they deploy and manage IDS? Their understanding of how these systems detect and respond to threats will showcase their ability to maintain a secure environment.

How do you approach the integration of legacy systems into a secure CPS environment?

Legacy systems can be a double-edged sword. They are often essential but can also be security nightmares. A candidate's ability to integrate and secure these older systems, while maintaining overall CPS integrity, is a valuable skill.

What are your best practices for conducting penetration testing on CPS?

Penetration testing is the simulated red team attack on your system. Best practices might include using sophisticated tools, thorough reporting, and regular testing schedules. Their methods should reflect a comprehensive, ongoing strategy to uncover and fix vulnerabilities.

Can you describe your experience with real-time operating systems (RTOS) and their security challenges?

RTOS are critical in many CPS applications. Understanding their unique security challenges, from timing attacks to resource constraints, indicates that the candidate is well-versed in protecting these systems.

How do you ensure the security of embedded systems within CPS?

Embedded systems are like the nervous system of CPS. Ensuring their security involves protecting firmware, securing communication channels, and regularly updating software. Look for candidates who cover all these points in their response.

What role do you think artificial intelligence and machine learning play in CPS security?

AI and ML are the new kids on the block, offering advanced threat detection and adaptive security measures. How candidates envision using these technologies reveals their forward-thinking approach to CPS security.

Can you discuss any experience you have with the security of smart grid technologies?

Smart grids are vital for modern infrastructure. Candidates with experience in this area should discuss specific projects and the unique security challenges they’ve overcome, ensuring they’re equipped to handle such critical systems.

How do you protect against supply chain attacks in the context of CPS?

Supply chain attacks are stealthy and devastating. Ask about their strategies, from vetting suppliers to securing software updates, to ensure they can safeguard against these indirect but powerful threats.

Can you provide an example of a security policy you developed for a CPS?

A well-crafted security policy is the backbone of a secure CPS. Examples from their past show their ability to create comprehensive guidelines—covering everything from daily operations to incident response.

What is your approach to threat modeling in cyber-physical systems?

Threat modeling helps in anticipating potential attacks. Their approach should involve identifying assets, evaluating threats, and implementing mitigating controls. This systematic analysis is crucial for proactive CPS security.